成也萧何,败也萧何？——高管金融经历与公司债券融资

基于印记理论和高层梯队理论,本文以2008至2018年发行公司债券的上市公司为研究对象,考察高管金融经历对公司债券融资的影响机理。结果表明:首先,高管金融经历在提高公司债券发行成功率的同时也会增加债券融资成本和违约风险,而对发债规模与期限并不会产生显著影响,在控制可能的内生性问题后结论依然成立;其次,具有金融经历的高管所任职公司会通过盈余管理来提高债券发行成功率,但也会增加债券的融资成本和违约风险;最后,具有证券公司或商业银行工作经历的高管对公司债券融资的影响更为显著。本文有助于实务界和理论界理解高管异质性特征对公司债券融资的影响机制,为监管部门制定防范金融风险的政策提供可靠的理论依据。     

基于报表数据的上市公司顾客资产测量与提升——中国联通公司的应用研究

顾客资产体现企业在市场竞争中获取顾客资源的能力,本研究旨在利用报表数据对上市公司的顾客资产进行测量,并依据测量结果提出提升策略。首先,运用Matlab编程模拟上市公司的每期期末顾客存量适用的技术替代模型,进而求得顾客资产。其次,依据β转换模型原理估算企业现有顾客的终身价值总和,在同时考虑顾客的获取与流失的前提下求得顾客资产可持续比率。再次,依据顾客资产可持续比率和顾客资产的计算结果构建二维坐标图,以分析企业顾客资产的时间序列特征,作为提升顾客资产的依据。最后,将该方法在中国联通公司进行了应用。研究结果表明,该方法对上市公司的顾客资产测量和提升具有较好的适用性和可操作性。研究结果对于上市公司的顾客资产管理具有一定的参考价值。     

考虑路网可靠性和空间公平性的次优拥挤收费模型

根据随机路网环境下出行者规避风险的路径选择行为,提出了一种考虑路网可靠性和空间公平性的次优拥挤收费双层规划模型。其中,上层模型以具有空间公平性约束条件下最大化路网的社会福利为目标,下层模型是实施拥挤收费条件下考虑行程时间可靠性的弹性需求用户平衡模型。鉴于双层规划模型的复杂性,设计了基于遗传算法和FrankWolfe算法的组合式算法来求解提出的模型。算例结果表明:考虑行程时间可靠性的次优拥挤收费会产生不同于传统次优拥挤收费的平衡流量分布模式,表明出行者的路径选择行为对拥挤收费结果会产生直接影响;此外,算例结果还说明遗传算法对参数设置具有很强的鲁棒性。     

私募股权基金在华Pre-IPO投资的影响因素分析

经历过金融危机的洗礼,私募股权基金(Private Equity Fund)"巨头"们在全球资本市场上,尤其是在亚洲资本市场上再次迅猛发展.中国正被国际目光所聚焦,备受PE亲睐.不过,专门研究Pre-IPO基金对中国企业投资运作的文献甚少.借鉴国内外相关研究成果,从私募股权基金的角度出发,研究其在中国Pre-IPO投资项目时选择目标企业所考虑的相关条件及主要影响因素.采用相关性分析和因子分析相结合的综合实证方法分析,对所选取的样本进行了统计分析.在相关性分析法中,通过考察包括有、无Pre-IPO基金参与投资的样本的诸多项指标,从中找出与Pre-IPO投资这项指标相关系数较高的十四项指标,并具体分析了它们之间的关系.接着用因子分析法进一步对有Pre-IPO基金参与投资的样本进行分析.综合评价各项指标间的内部关系并以此得到指标的分类,从而得出影响私募股权基金选择目标企业投资Pre-IPO的主要因素.通过分析,以期对想"牵手"私募股权基金"巨头"们来实现上市融资的国内企业,有实质性的借鉴作用和可操作意义.     

基于信息不对称考量的我国上市公司融资优序及探因

资本结构啄序理论认为,为了减少信息不对称导致的股权价值低估所引起的投资不足等问题,公司的融资优序应为内部融资—债务融资—股权融资。基于有序probit模型和似然比检验的实证结果表明,我国上市公司的融资优序表现为内部融资-股权融资-债务融资,资本成本在这种融资优序中所起的作用大于信息不对称的不利影响。     

Conservation science and technology identity instrument: Empirically measuring STEM identities in informal science learning programs

Our research centered on developing the Conservation Science and Technology Identity (CSTI) instruments as an empirical way to measure STEM identities and the intersection of identity constructs such as competence, performance, recognition, and ways of seeing and being. The surveys were used in a large funded multi-year project for teens and adults learning geospatial technologies and conservation science to use in intergenerational community conservation projects. We investigated whether an informal STEM learning program was developing new STEM identities or advancing well-developed identities. The instruments’ content validity was determined through a vetting process from national STEM identity research experts. Reliability was estimated with Cronbach coefficient alpha. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used to determine participants’ STEM identities and the workshop’s effect on specific identity constructs. We found teens and adults had historically similar STEM identities, with stronger conservation science than technology. Both science and technology competences, as well as technology ways of seeing and being, significantly increased, suggesting CSTI can be a valuable instrument in empirically assessing STEM identities.     

Informed aspirations in science and engineering with upper elementary students after 1 year of a STEM intensive university-school district partnership

This article reports findings from a study of an integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program on student interest and awareness in science and engineering. The analysis features grade 3–5 students from a high-poverty, urban school system in the Mid-Atlantic region. Through the quantitative analysis of closed ended survey responses and the qualitative analysis of an open-ended query, we describe how the adoption of an intensive STEM-focused partnership could influence students’ early interest in and awareness of science and engineering as disciplines and careers. The analysis of the student responses revealed that after 1 year of the project, the students enrolled in the program demonstrated developing interest in science and engineering and were better able to articulate a greater understanding of engineering as a discipline. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of an integrated STEM approach for upper elementary students participating and succeeding in the STEM fields.     

公司权益价值波动率下股本权证的定价方法

传统的股本权证定价模型一般基于公司股票波动率或公司权益价值波动率进行研究。讨论了根据公司权益价值波动率所求得的权证定价模型的一些性质,比较了分别根据公司权益价值波动率和股票价值波动率计算权证价值所得的误差。针对长电权证的实际情况进行实证分析,通过比较传统定价模型与本文的考虑保底摊薄模型定价的结果说明采用公司权益价值波动率所得定价模型的准确性。     

Catastrophe equity put options with target variance

In this study, we consider a new class of catastrophe equity put options, whose payoff depends on the ratio of the realized variance of the stock over the life of the option and the target variance, which represents the insurance company’s expectation of the future realized variance. This kind of options could help insurance companies raise more equity capital when a large number of catastrophic events occur during the life of the option. We employ a compound doubly stochastic Poisson process with lognormal intensity to describe accumulated catastrophe losses and assume the volatility varies stochastically. Finally, numerical results are presented to investigate the values of this class of options.     

Options on constant proportion portfolio insurance with guaranteed minimum equity exposure

In the present paper we study a new exotic option offering participation in a dynamic asset allocation strategy, which is an extension of the well‐known Constant Proportion Portfolio Insurance (CPPI) strategy. Our novel approach consists in assuming that the percentage of wealth invested in stocks cannot go under a fixed level, called guaranteed minimum equity exposure (GMEE). In particular, our proposal ensures to overcome the so‐called cash‐in risk, typically related to a standard CPPI technique, simultaneously guaranteeing the equity market participation. We look deeper into the valuation of call and put options linked to this new CPPI‐GMEE strategy. A particular attention is devoted to the analysis of key parameters' value as to gain a better understanding of the sensitivities of the option prices, when changing, for example, the embedded guarantee level. To show the effectiveness of our proposal we provide a detailed computational analysis within the Heston‐Vasicek framework, numerically comparing the evaluation of the price of European plain vanilla options when the underlying is either a purely risky asset, a standard CPPI portfolio and a CPPI with GMEE.